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Ken Shirriff

The three amplifiers are in a unit that attaches to the back of the attitude indicator box. Inside are three amplifier boards, a small power supply board, and an AC transformer.
6/N

19 comments
Ken Shirriff

Here's a closeup of one of the amplifier boards. It's a bit of a mess with components stacked on other components to save room. The spider-like component in the middle is a pulse transformer. It drives the transistors on the right, one for each motor direction.
7/N

Doug Bostrom

@kenshirriff

And an admirable sparsity of 10-turn pots!

Says person formerly responsible for a thing called a "neutron induction computer," a design gone bad as it was a 2U rack unit containing -93- 10-turn potentiometers.

Nightmare.

Ken Shirriff

This photo shows the attitude indicator in the F-4 cockpit. It is in the center of the control panel, below the purple radar screen.

There are two sources for attitude information, selected by the primary/standby switch in the upper left. The mounting of the switch is questionable: screwed down to the console with visible wiring.
8/N

Ken Shirriff

While researching the use of the attitude indicator in the F-4, I came across the "nuclear store consent switch". If the plane has a nuclear bomb attached, you flip this switch from the SAFE position to the upper position (REL/ARM) to arm the bomb for release. Somehow, I was expecting something more elaborate.
9/N

Ken Shirriff

For more on the F-4's attitude indicator (including reverse-engineered schematic), see my blog post at righto.com/2024/09/f4-attitude

Credits: I worked on this with @tubetime and CuriousMarc. Thanks to the collectors who provided attitude indicators and amplifiers. Aircraft photos from National Museum of the USAF: nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Mu
10/10

J. Peterson

@kenshirriff I had trouble wrapping my head around the mechanism. There's a diagram about halfway down the Wikipedia page that helps:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude

slash

@kenshirriff I could have used this years ago. I was in responsible for testing the standby flight instruments for the B-2, and the "turnball" (not sure anyone else calls it that) would work once, then fail when QA came to witness. I eventually found out why from the spec (which the USAF made hard to find), and rewrote that test.

As usual, a great view of interesting tech.

Your Future Ex

@kenshirriff @tubetime
Fascinating!
I never thought any electronics were involved with the orientation ball - I thought there's simply weight in the lower half, so whichever direction the plane is tilting, gravity would do the rest.

Ken Shirriff replied to Your Future Ex

@yourfutureex @tubetime That's the reason that the attitude indicator is vitally important: in an aircraft, gravity can feel like a completely different direction from down. For example, see the famous video of pouring iced tea in a plane while doing a barrel roll.

youtu.be/W2-9BL7sllk?si=37WnSH

synlogic

@kenshirriff it'd be non-sensual nuclear apocalypse for those below, however. ha

0tracas🖤🌱🐾🚲

@kenshirriff @0tracas
En faisant des recherches sur l'utilisation de l'indicateur d'attitude dans le F-4, je suis tombé sur le "commutateur de consentement de la réserve nucléaire". Si l'avion est équipé d'une bombe nucléaire, il faut basculer ce commutateur de la position SAFE à la position supérieure (REL/ARM) pour armer la bombe en vue de son largage. Je m'attendais à quelque chose de plus élaboré.
9/N

gudenau

@kenshirriff I've wanted to know how these things work for ages, I'll check this out when I have time!

Fritz Adalis

@kenshirriff
What's the circle above it, a CRT of some sort?

Great thread, as always.

Ken Shirriff

@FritzAdalis The reddish-purple circle is the radar scope for the AN/APQ-120 radar system.

Stu

@kenshirriff wow, that's some workmanship. Late change in requirements leading to iffy solution?

Ken Shirriff

@tehstu I've seen the switch in other aircraft photos and in the manual, so it's not a one-off hack. I think the attitude indicator originally took a single input source but later planes had two inputs.

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