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Ken Shirriff

This photo shows the attitude indicator in the F-4 cockpit. It is in the center of the control panel, below the purple radar screen.

There are two sources for attitude information, selected by the primary/standby switch in the upper left. The mounting of the switch is questionable: screwed down to the console with visible wiring.
8/N

The cockpit of the F-4 fighter plane. The panel is crammed with various indicator gauges, with more controls along the sides. The attitude indicator is in the middle. The photo is from National Museum of the USAF.
A closeup of the attitude indicator in the F-4. The indicator shows a rotating ball, black on one half. It has various lines and markings, with W (West) visible. It has horizontal and vertical yellow needles, as well as three red indicator flags around the edges. In the upper-left, a toggle switch is attached to the console by a screw. Several gray wires exit the switch and disappear behind the radar screen. The switch is labeled STBY/PRI (standby/primary). The photo is from National Museum of the USAF.
16 comments
Ken Shirriff

While researching the use of the attitude indicator in the F-4, I came across the "nuclear store consent switch". If the plane has a nuclear bomb attached, you flip this switch from the SAFE position to the upper position (REL/ARM) to arm the bomb for release. Somehow, I was expecting something more elaborate.
9/N

A switch labeled with "Nucl Store Consent". The switch has three positions: REL/ARM, SAFE, and REL. The switch has a metal guard on the sides to keep it from getting bumped accidentally.
Ken Shirriff

For more on the F-4's attitude indicator (including reverse-engineered schematic), see my blog post at righto.com/2024/09/f4-attitude

Credits: I worked on this with @tubetime and CuriousMarc. Thanks to the collectors who provided attitude indicators and amplifiers. Aircraft photos from National Museum of the USAF: nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Mu
10/10

J. Peterson

@kenshirriff I had trouble wrapping my head around the mechanism. There's a diagram about halfway down the Wikipedia page that helps:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude

slash

@kenshirriff I could have used this years ago. I was in responsible for testing the standby flight instruments for the B-2, and the "turnball" (not sure anyone else calls it that) would work once, then fail when QA came to witness. I eventually found out why from the spec (which the USAF made hard to find), and rewrote that test.

As usual, a great view of interesting tech.

Your Future Ex

@kenshirriff @tubetime
Fascinating!
I never thought any electronics were involved with the orientation ball - I thought there's simply weight in the lower half, so whichever direction the plane is tilting, gravity would do the rest.

Ken Shirriff replied to Your Future Ex

@yourfutureex @tubetime That's the reason that the attitude indicator is vitally important: in an aircraft, gravity can feel like a completely different direction from down. For example, see the famous video of pouring iced tea in a plane while doing a barrel roll.

youtu.be/W2-9BL7sllk?si=37WnSH

synlogic

@kenshirriff it'd be non-sensual nuclear apocalypse for those below, however. ha

0tracas🖤🌱🐾🚲

@kenshirriff @0tracas
En faisant des recherches sur l'utilisation de l'indicateur d'attitude dans le F-4, je suis tombé sur le "commutateur de consentement de la réserve nucléaire". Si l'avion est équipé d'une bombe nucléaire, il faut basculer ce commutateur de la position SAFE à la position supérieure (REL/ARM) pour armer la bombe en vue de son largage. Je m'attendais à quelque chose de plus élaboré.
9/N

gudenau

@kenshirriff I've wanted to know how these things work for ages, I'll check this out when I have time!

Fritz Adalis

@kenshirriff
What's the circle above it, a CRT of some sort?

Great thread, as always.

Ken Shirriff

@FritzAdalis The reddish-purple circle is the radar scope for the AN/APQ-120 radar system.

Stu

@kenshirriff wow, that's some workmanship. Late change in requirements leading to iffy solution?

Ken Shirriff

@tehstu I've seen the switch in other aircraft photos and in the manual, so it's not a one-off hack. I think the attitude indicator originally took a single input source but later planes had two inputs.

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