@Wen Yeah, the sub-field of system & network administration more colloquially referred to as "DR" (Disaster Recovery) is pretty deeply tied into such "mitigating strategies" but they are far from fool proof.
My first employer after I graduated from University circa 1999-2001, we had a 10kW backup generator that we would routinely wheel out & test as part of outage preparations, because the building's (which was a bank which also had an old got.net data center in it) 600kW back up diesel generator wasn't automatic & there was enough lag we might have to use the 10kW generator as a stop gap.
My employer circa 2002-2006, bought their HQ building for a song from a failed start up that was planning to do hardware fabrication before the dot-bomb era wiped them out.
The entire building: was on battery back up (with a room full of batteries, which were tested & maintained semiannually), it also had a 600kW diesel generator, which would automatically power on within 10 seconds of an outage & would self-test every week. It was also: on a hospital (our neighbor) "grid". In the event of power failures: emergency services such as hospitals are the last to be powered down & the first to be powered up.
However, that employer had 20+ branches spread across 5 counties. One of the locations: the largest granite quarry West of the Mississippi, with the world's largest wheeled excavator. It got power *directly* from the Moss Landing station, so if Moss Landing ever did maintenance, Aromas was offline, because they were direct fed, no grid resiliency. ;-/
Circa 2007-2014, with @bifrosty2k's network wizardry, my employer survived a fiber cut which wiped out AT&T in SF & other transit providers such as Global Crossing, while we were still up & online & passing traffic without a hiccup.
But: not many ever get to those levels of disaster recovery planning. It costs real money & requires a lot of lessons learned the hard way, not taught in schools.
@teajaygrey @Wen @bifrosty2k @Alienated53 @luis_in_brief @chu
No background is in IT so I'm familiar with DR. Doing it properly requires commitments of time and money from the people up top.