The other classic example is that of Robert Moses, who amassed enough government power in the 1930s to 1960s that he was able to personally implement his anti-human urban planning agenda of replacing cities with exurbs and highways.
Moses was also deeply racist and designed bridges that were too low to accommodate buses to ensure that poor people of color, who might have lacked personal cars at the time, could not take public transportation to the beach.
Or that other monstrosity of High Modernism, Brasilia, Brazil’s planned capital city. It was designed without sidewalks or crosswalks, because its designers expected (and therefore commanded, by way of infrastructure) that everyone would just drive everywhere all the time.
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https://www.npr.org/2020/07/05/887386869/how-transportation-racism-shaped-america
When the physical environment isn’t enough to compel us to buy things, the state and capital class often just order us to behave in ways that compel us to spend money.
Roads are public spaces, theoretically owned by everyone. When the state encloses them by criminalizing certain public uses—such as the American crime of “jaywalking”—the state subsidizes the car firms that sell us the cars that are legal requirements to use public spaces.
Our bosses do this too when they command us to work in offices—not because office work is efficient, but because ordering us from our homes into their built environment increases our spending on amenities that are difficult or impossible to access there.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11746085/amp/Remote-work-costing-Manhattan-12-4-BILLION-year.html
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#RemoteWork #BackToTheOffice
When the physical environment isn’t enough to compel us to buy things, the state and capital class often just order us to behave in ways that compel us to spend money.
Roads are public spaces, theoretically owned by everyone. When the state encloses them by criminalizing certain public uses—such as the American crime of “jaywalking”—the state subsidizes the car firms that sell us the cars that are legal requirements to use public spaces.