Thanks for the explanation. I had assumed the throttling happened in the phone, not the tower (or wherever in the phone carrier's network). I was very puzzled why TTL would matter.
Personally, I just use Mint Mobile, which gives 5GB of high speed data per month for $15 with no restrictions.
@nitpicking @briankrebs TTL doesn't really matter on a technical basis except that it's a very easy to detect attribute of data packets, one that the equipment is already looking at because it has to adjust it down by one before sending the packet along.
On the other hand if you're tethering via USB to a phone speed issues might be due to most phone USB ports only doing USB2 speeds.