A bit of history for those who might be interested: the old version of Firefox for Android - aka Fennec - did support extensions. However it did so in the context of a single-process application. The new Firefox for Android - aka Fenix - is a full-fledged multi-process implementation like the desktop build, and this added complexities that made supporting extensions harder. Because of this, only a handful were available until now.
@gabrielesvelto Fennec actually introduced e10s, at least when the front-end was written in XUL. I remember porting AdBlock+ to support multi-process.