"Will Meta get my data or be able to track me?"
Yes Mastodon servers don't forward your IP to remote parties. However, Meta has several social applications that are widely used including Facebook, Whatsapp, Instagram and there is a good chance that someone in your household is using those and that this can be used to facilitate that. Meta's tracking famously relied on the decentralized web and webmasters implementing Like-buttons and such to create aggregate profiles and track individuals across the web. The core thing is, you don't have to be on Meta to be tracked.
In addition however, focusing only on IP-address is an intentionally narrow thread model to make it look less bad than it is. A more honest and complete answer to this question would look like this post https://privacy.thenexus.today/fediverse-threat-modeling-privacy-and-meta/ by
@thenexusofprivacy