Update. "We evaluated how the #gender composition of top-cited authors within different subfields of research has evolved over time…Men outnumbered women 1.88-fold among all authors, decreasing from 3.93-fold to 1.36-fold over time. Men outnumbered women 3.21-fold among top-cited authors, decreasing from 6.41-fold to 2.28-fold over time." Imbalances varied greatly by discipline.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.05.25.542328v1
Update. "We find that sex differences in the number of publications, citations, and citations per publication were small across low and medium levels of productivity, but become more pronounced the higher the level of performance. In the top performing 10% the female proportion decreases from the average 43.2% to 26%."
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03075079.2023.2223638