@aral @cancel let's be very clear, the email oligarchy became a thing because everyone took email for granted. They failed to evolve the user experience. The email #ux literally stagnated for a long time. That's why Gmail was so huge, it came with fresh ideas and experiences. It made email pleasant again and forced the other big providers to do the same. Sadly local application based email wasn't as good and so everyone moved to the next available.