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lj·rk

My #CompSci lecturers often dropped the names of inventors. But only if they were men. We talked about Gordon Moore, obviously Turing 🏳️‍🌈 was mentioned, about Don Knuth, about Chomsky etc.

But when we discussed the #ARM architecture, we never talked about the inventor *Sophie Wilson*. We also never talked about *Mary Ann Horton*, despite her work on `vi` and `terminfo` -- but of course we mentioned Bill Joy. We discussed the Spanning Tree Protocol, but not its inventor *Radia Perlman*. We have the whole field of #SoftwareEngineering, but who coined the term? *Margaret Hamilton*. We mentioned the ENIAC and v. Neumann, but failed to talk about *Adele Goldstine*. We discussed the origins of #OOP and #Smalltalk but ignored *Adele Goldberg*. We programmed in #Assembly but never talked about the woman who wrote the first #Assembler, *Kathleen Booth*. And don't get me started on #Safari and our sweet @lisamelton <3 Or any of the (incomplete list) of *Ida Rhodes, Carol Shaw, Shafi Goldwasser, Edith Clarke, Annie Easley, Joyce Little*, ...

And today? Let's talk about our favorite trans woman CPU designer, Lynn Conway.

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109 comments
lj·rk

Lynn developed "generalized dynamic instruction dispatch" for IBM in 1966. 2 years later she was kicked out, just after Robert Tomasulo published the "Tomasulo Algorithm" for out-of-order execution of floating point instructions, utilizing Lynn's work. Everyone knows Tomasulo (and he did great work, mind you!), but no-one knows Lynn.

Later, in technical compsci, you may stumble upon highly integrated circuits, everyone there knows #VLSI, but not the inventor, our dear Dr. Conway.

Her story, her struggle against IBM who took decades to apologize to her for her mistreatment. She transitioned in darker times and pioneered not "only" in compsci. She was what many would call "greater than life". She died a few days ago.

Today, let's remember Lynn 🏳️‍⚧️, tomorrow we'll fight on ✊

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Lynn developed "generalized dynamic instruction dispatch" for IBM in 1966. 2 years later she was kicked out, just after Robert Tomasulo published the "Tomasulo Algorithm" for out-of-order execution of floating point instructions, utilizing Lynn's work. Everyone knows Tomasulo (and he did great work, mind you!), but no-one knows Lynn.

Wolfgang

@ljrk Sally Floyd, who did pioneering work in Internet congestion control.

en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_

Sobex

@ljrk Holy shit, Out of Order execution is based off her work ? What’s the share of contribution in the seminal paper between her and Tomasulo ?

lj·rk

@Sobex Jup. Tomasulo himself did original work in his paper indeed and I wouldn't steal any credit from him, but nowadays multiple-issue OoO execution based on both Tomasulo's and Conway's work in roughly the same share is what's actually utilized. The name of Conway is usually dropped and both concepts (register renaming etc. and multiple-issue) subsumed under one, effectively erasing Conway's work. If it isn't then multiple-issue is often erroneously attributed to Yale Patt.

There's an interesting discussion going on since '12 on WP around that if you want to dive down that rabbit hole :'D

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk%3AO

@Sobex Jup. Tomasulo himself did original work in his paper indeed and I wouldn't steal any credit from him, but nowadays multiple-issue OoO execution based on both Tomasulo's and Conway's work in roughly the same share is what's actually utilized. The name of Conway is usually dropped and both concepts (register renaming etc. and multiple-issue) subsumed under one, effectively erasing Conway's work. If it isn't then multiple-issue is often erroneously attributed to Yale Patt.

David J. Atkinson #🟦

@ljrk I met Lynn Conway two times when she was at Univ of Michigan. Brilliant person!

J Paul Gibson

@ljrk @lisamelton … and there are so many more, that i hope you dont mind me mentioning as they have had a personal impact for me -Barbara Liskov, Jeannette Wing, Pamela Zave, Muffy Calder, Ursula Martin…

lj·rk

@jpaulgibson @lisamelton To the contrary, keep 'em coming, we need more visibility and I don't know them all. There are soooo many!

katha

@ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton

Opens that one specific file labelled "for the next it guy telling you there never were women in it", appends list.

lj·rk

@kathol @jpaulgibson @lisamelton You're welcome -- and please share anyone I've missed! :)

J Paul Gibson

@ljrk @kathol @lisamelton
- i promise this is the last i will bother you - but Hedy Lamarr deserves a mention - womenshistory.org/education-re - Her story is a film waiting to be made !

lj·rk

@jpaulgibson @kathol @lisamelton How could I forget to list Hedy?! She truly lived a life worth putting on the big screen.

And not in the least bothersome, thank you!

Hitchin Hackspace

@ljrk @jpaulgibson @kathol @lisamelton

No need to wait for the film to be created and put on the big screen. It exists, was on the big screen and is worth seeing.
"Bombshell: The Hedey Lamarr Story"
imdb.com/title/tt6752848/

lj·rk

@hackhitchin @jpaulgibson @kathol @lisamelton This is such a great day because I'm learning so much about so many other women or about other resources about them! Thank you!

J Paul Gibson

@ljrk @hackhitchin @kathol @lisamelton - thanks to you for highlighting the problem of women being written out of ((computer) science) history. There are many exceptional women in computing, today, who also deserve our thanks. A few examples that come to mind are Emily M Bender, Timnit Gebru, Molly White, Cat Hicks, and Amy J. Ko.

Kevin Russell

@kathol @ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton

Computing was begun by Ada, "actually . . . " began shortly thereafter.

pele75

@ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton Grace Hopper, the tenacious mathematician who democratized computing by leading the charge for machine-independent programming languages after World War II and Elizabeth "Jake" Feinler, the one-woman Google who kept the earliest version of the Internet online.

Robert Bell

@pele75 @ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton ….and the developer of COBOL! Adm Hopper was amazing

Human 3500

@pele75 @ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton Didn't Grace Hopper coin the term bug (after an actual bug caused a bug)?

kelleynnn

@human3500 @pele75 @ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton She taped the actual dead insect into the log book

Human 3500

@kelleynnn @pele75 @ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton Well, she had to tape the bug into the book because the trouble ticket system back then was garbage.

J Paul Gibson

@kelleynnn @human3500 @pele75 @ljrk @lisamelton - indeed she did ! and i use it as an example of why all engineers, including software engineers, should keep a log book. education.nationalgeographic.o

Henrik Kramselund - kramse

@ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton Dorothy Denning co invented Intrusion detection systems and a huge profile and impact on information security
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doroth

int_ijk

@kramse @ljrk @jpaulgibson @lisamelton

either dorothy or teresa gave me an early ides paper for reading (i worked upstairs, 3rd deck, e bldg). yes, both changed our world, for the better.

Michelle Hughes

@ljrk @lisamelton

Computers are so queer I'm surprised straight dudes allow themselves to use them.

The Witch of Crow Briar

@MegaMichelle @ljrk @lisamelton They had to rewrite history and convince themselves that they invented them, before they could bring themselves to touch them.

lj·rk

@SemAntiKast @MegaMichelle @lisamelton Not even computers are binary if we look at the capacitors :D

J Paul Gibson

@ljrk @lisamelton
i tell my students that if they dont know the history of women in computing then they dont know the history of computing.

junklight

@ljrk @lisamelton & of course if you are mentioning the men these days (which I’ve occasionally had to in talks) you have to search to see if they’ve been accused of harassment or flying on Epsteins plane……

lj·rk

@junklight A certain founder of the MIT AI Lab comes to mind...

It's incredible how many of 'em just cannot *not* abuse.

junklight

@ljrk indeed. Way too many of them…..

Lisa Melton

@ljrk Wow! Thanks so much for mentioning me in your list of absolutely awesome women! I am honored and humbled. 😊🥰💖

lj·rk

@lisamelton Anything else would be a bad omission, you rock! <3

Martin Hamilton

@ljrk @lisamelton The Hidden Figures of Computing would be quite a book/film/video game/... :blobfoxhyper2:

Klaudia (aka jinxx)

@ljrk @m @lisamelton Would probably make a great successor for the #WomenInTechBook, wouldn’t it?

lj·rk

@viennawriter @m @lisamelton Precisely what I was thinking of! There's been so many links and people I didn't know of shared in this thread, it'd be a shame to have this stuff buried and lost to time.

Leon Bambrick

@ljrk @lisamelton European heritage undoubtedly biased against African heritage, and yet even there they will acknowledge a "colored" person, *after* they have passed (and are safely "out of harm's way", e.g. MLK [contrast rhetoric before and after his passing]).

But women?

Even when dead they are forgotten by the culture in which I have been raised.

(Unless "purified" by a rare event/narrative (e.g. marie curie, mother theresa) or bathed in tremendous apocryphal beauty, Cleopatra)

Leon Bambrick

@ljrk @lisamelton Imagine if every performance of the story of Abraham Lincoln required him to be cast as today's hottest male beefcake, ala Cleopatra.

Leon Bambrick

@ljrk @lisamelton As soon as I wrote that, I realised, oh damn, I've made a bunch o my rainbow pals v excited. I can already imagine the fanfics. 🏳️‍🌈

lj·rk

@secretgeek @lisamelton I'm not much into smut, but I'd read that!

lj·rk

@secretgeek Indeed, and some, such as Annie Easley, fought both, the women in tech and the PoC fight at a time were women's rights were just something to become and segregation rampant.

One could even argue that Cleopatra was a very early victim of positive discrimination against arabs: "The" distinguishing "beauty feature" of her, especially according to Caesar, was her Greek/European nose; which was contrasted against the supposedly inferior Arab nose shape.

KatieVM

@secretgeek@mastodon.cloud @ljrk@todon.eu @lisamelton@mastodon.social orz but I gotta retoot that, 'cause it's witty and thoughtful in context and also utterly hilarious out of it.

ScienceCommunicator

@ljrk @lisamelton @beunice

It's not original information to infer that men think men are superior or women think women are superior. Or, simply that men feel they can relate more to other men, & women relate more to women (precisely because they share similar life experiences)

The terms "men" & "women" don't encapsulate the diversity of personality differences, gender perception, etc (& don't include humans that are physiologically "children". On there way to being anatomically " adult")

Dr. Heather Etchevers

@ScienceCommunicator @ljrk @lisamelton @beunice The power differential makes the difference. Humans with coercive power tend to set themselves as the norm and those they find outside it are, in their view, subordinate. It's not that women find other women superior to men but rather, reminding the world that ignoring our talent is an opportunity loss. Same for other disempowered groups. Pride in group members' achievements despite adversity is not inversion of power dynamics.

peter honeyman

@ljrk Very good points! In my Intro to Security class, I take some time to mention the contributions of Wang Xiaoyun, Elizebeth Friedman, Shafi Goldwasser, and Nadia Heninger

Noah Cook

@ljrk @lisamelton Even when people mention Von Neumann, for some reason it's always John and never Klara. Klara was the one who flew the Monte Carlo punchcards to ENIAC, directed the wiring of the machine for the problem, and ran the actual program (would that make her the kernel in that architecture?).

But then again, John would have looked out of place at the time, since computer programming was "womens' work" back then.

T Chu 朱

@ljrk @lisamelton

Thank you for this toot. I have shared it with my partner, a CS professor.

In the very least, it made him pause. This isn't the area he teaches, but he's at least thinking about it now.

lj·rk

@chu @lisamelton Thank you so much for sharing and spreading the word! It's really not any single individual's fault -- I wasn't taught this either and so have generations of teachers and lecturers. It's dire time to make our own research and make it accessible for everyone out there!

I'm looking forward to the time where CS profs know about the history, talk about those that have not been talked about and also discuss the structural injustice that has been inflicted.

Arthur_500

@ljrk @lisamelton

I prefer to undertand the contribution. The sex of the inventor means nothing.

I'm not going to have sex with the inventor so their gender is irrelevant.

If someone is more interested in some side story rather than the end product, they don't care about the product. How sad.

JohnMashey

@ljrk @lisamelton

Computer History Museum’s Hall of Fellows:
computerhistory.org/hall-of-fe
Includes many of the women mentioned, but has others.

And Susan Graham 1st & for decade+ only female CMPSC prof at UC Berkeley:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_
I was happy to get her oral history this week for the Museum, not up yet, but I got Adele’s long ago:

computerhistory.org/collection

@ljrk @lisamelton

Computer History Museum’s Hall of Fellows:
computerhistory.org/hall-of-fe
Includes many of the women mentioned, but has others.

And Susan Graham 1st & for decade+ only female CMPSC prof at UC Berkeley:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_
I was happy to get her oral history this week for the Museum, not up yet, but I got Adele’s long ago:

JohnMashey

@ljrk @lisamelton
We did big Ada Lovelace exhibit at Museum:
computerhistory.org/press-rele
That happened because my wife’s study partner at Cambridge (& longtime friend of ours) was Ursula Martin (who’d been first female full prof at St Andrews) and had gotten recruited by Oxford to curate Ada<=>De Morgan letters for the Bodleian Library.
Ursula was staying at our house, we invited CHM CEO for dinner, which led to sending Museum team to Oxford.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula

@ljrk @lisamelton
We did big Ada Lovelace exhibit at Museum:
computerhistory.org/press-rele
That happened because my wife’s study partner at Cambridge (& longtime friend of ours) was Ursula Martin (who’d been first female full prof at St Andrews) and had gotten recruited by Oxford to curate Ada<=>De Morgan letters for the Bodleian Library.
Ursula was staying at our house, we invited CHM CEO for dinner, which led to sending Museum team to Oxford.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula

JohnMashey

@ljrk @lisamelton
I got to meet Grace Hopper when she spoke at Penn State ~1970. At evening reception, she was still going strong while grad students were flagging.
Sad fact: as a math-origined CMPSC dept, ~1/3 of our 400 undergrads were women. I think that % rose for ~decade, then declined. The 1/3 % was typical of many software groups at Bell Labs while I was there 1973-83.

lj·rk

@JohnMashey @lisamelton Wow, thank you for chiming in with those stories and links! Always surprised to see people from Bell Labs (I once even used PWB Shell :'D) here on the Fediverse, but it's amazing to hear all those stories from back then. They do serve as a great historical artifact!

I've also heard about
notabletechnicalwomen.org/
and the GDocs
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d
today for the first time, an amazing project to collect more of those hidden women in tech. I'll try to fire of some project at our local queerfeminist hackspace to maybe converge all those DBs and do some Wikipedia Editathon or such.

@JohnMashey @lisamelton Wow, thank you for chiming in with those stories and links! Always surprised to see people from Bell Labs (I once even used PWB Shell :'D) here on the Fediverse, but it's amazing to hear all those stories from back then. They do serve as a great historical artifact!

I've also heard about
notabletechnicalwomen.org/
and the GDocs
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d
today for the first time, an amazing project to...

JohnMashey

@ljrk @lisamelton
Well, you go far back if you used (my) PWB shell!
That originated at Bell Labs Piscataway, ~1000 software people, largest concentration in BTL, so highest % women and an advocacy group, the Women’s Rights Caucus (I was a member). Younger guys were happy to have more smart women, we’d gone to school with them, some of the older guys (mostly EEs, ie very low female %) occasionally needed education.
AWC had a NJ chapter that invited me speak
awc-hq.org/home.html

lj·rk

@JohnMashey Yes, I know!! Imagine my surprise reading your comment :)

I'm quite young though, but had the pleasure of doing an internship under Jörg Schilling/schily of Schillix, star, cdrecord etc. – and he made sure I had at least some knowledge on the history of UNIX, including how PWB Shell worked (I later fixed a dead lock in his Bosh in the evaluation of PS1). That time was also the time where I learned about Mary Ann Horton, SCCS, etc.

What I find so interesting is that the women % wasn't always so low but also not everywhere, as you write! The % of women at a company/org/field always relates to how they're treated and how their peers behave as well as outside image. It's sad on the one hand that many orgs effectively chose to ignore the issue and have women % decline, but also uplifting to see that we can change!

@JohnMashey Yes, I know!! Imagine my surprise reading your comment :)

I'm quite young though, but had the pleasure of doing an internship under Jörg Schilling/schily of Schillix, star, cdrecord etc. – and he made sure I had at least some knowledge on the history of UNIX, including how PWB Shell worked (I later fixed a dead lock in his Bosh in the evaluation of PS1). That time was also the time where I learned about Mary Ann Horton, SCCS, etc.

John Carlsen 4 Harris&Walz🇺🇸

@ljrk @lisamelton

At the #ComputerHistoryMuseum, I happened to meet both Don Knuth and Margaret Hamilton.

(When I was there a few weeks ago, I had also met Bob Metcalfe.)

lj·rk

@Doug_Bostrom @lisamelton Yesss, I'm incredibly stoked, there are so many great people sharing amazing resources here, it's truly lovely!

Hank G ☑️
@ljrk @lisamelton Yep. Grace Hopper was the only exception to that in my experience too.
Martijn Vos

@ljrk @lisamelton

Grace Hopper and Ada Lovelace are always mentioned as the two female pioneers in programming, but there are so many more. Thanks for sharing this list; I was not aware of most of them.

Lockpick Extreme

@ljrk @lisamelton the "Mother of the Internet", Radia Perlman
Among other things invented the Spanning Tree Protocol so we don't get our frames in a loop.
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radia_

Dec.tar.bz2

@ljrk @lisamelton
Laurie Spiegel is best known as a composer, but she has done a lot of hardware and software development.

At Bell Labs in 1973 she developed computer music systems (GROOVE, Alles).
She did most of the design work on the alphaSyntauri system (which used the Apple II) and later the McLeyvier.
In 1986 she released her own algorithmic composition software called Music Mouse.
Her musical interpretation of Kepler's "Harmonices Mundi" is Track 1 of the golden record on board Voyager.

aardvark

@ljrk I carried a box for Adele after a conference, and have her books!

Tristan Colgate-McFarlane

@ljrk @lisamelton so many notable names mentioned here, and in replies, and yet no Fran Allen !! The first woman to win the Turing award

Goblin

@ljrk this. I make a point of it, at least in my small corner of CS. Talking about the BSDs? We’re gonna talk about Bill AND Lynne Jolitz. Modern sandboxed computer architectures? Joanna Rutskova needs a name check! Usable computing means we should talk about MEZ and Angella Sasse. We don’t change the perception that CS is a boys club unless we show all the other people in there!

Glitch

@ljrk I am so upset. I thought I had filled the major gaps in my knowledge. This is showing me how much I missed.

I was a comp sci major. A bunch of classes included “history of” bits in the beginning, and interspersed throughout.

I was often the only woman (it’s complicated: :genderfluid_flag: ) in the class. This would have made life a lot better for me, and helped me feel a lot less alienated.

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