5/ In 1854 an outbreak of cholera hit Soho in central London, killing hundreds.
Dr. John Snow, a believer in the theory that unseeable, waterborne "germs" caused the disease, plotted the cases on map to find the infected water pump that was responsible for the outbreak.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854_Broad_Street_cholera_outbreak
Today Snow is heralded as a father of the field of epidemiology. A pub named after him is located at the site.
6/ In 1857 London was the site of a new innovation - postal codes.
The city was subdivided into 10 districts (EC (East Central), WC (West Central), N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW)
Most of these codes are still used today, and the system was later expanded across the country.
Here's a street sign showing the postcode area in the no longer existent
"Borough of Finsbury"