Anne L’Huillier and her team sent infrared laser light thru a noble gas and studied high order harmonics and overtones at attosecond (as) periods generated by electron energy transitions. The blend of these harmonics created peaks and valleys, i.e., pulses.

Pierre Agostini and his team created trains of light pulses at 250 as.

Ferenc Krausz and his group developed techniques to select single 650 as pulses.

nobelprize.org/uploads/2023/10/popular-physicsprize2023.pdf
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