A dedicated DeviceAsWebcam app - which I should note has not yet been shipped on any Pixel builds - is what, I believe, would be responsible for actually using Android's Camera API to forward frames.
Only system apps-like DeviceAsWebcam-would have permission to R/W data to the /dev/video* node. In fact, the USB configuration file for all Tensor & Tensor 2-based (but not SM7250) Pixels already sets up the UVC function. Here's a snippet from init.gs101.usb.rc/init.gs201.usb.rc:
But since the DAW app is not present in current Android 14 beta builds, we can't actually use this functionality, though we can surface the "Webcam" option in "USB Preferences" as shown in the first post.
The "Webcam" option appears when the system property ro.usb.uvc.enabled is set to true. Settings calls UsbManager#isUvcSupportEnabled(), which reads this property, to decide whether to show this option.