So here's how you make a link in HTML:
<a href="https://www.improbableisland.com">Click here to play Improbable Island, my text game</a>
So the "a" there is shorthand for "anchor," which I guess is what links were called for the five minutes between having the idea and deciding the spec and someone coming up with a better name. The "href" bit is where the link goes. The bit in between > and </ is the link text, and </a> means you're done talking about a link.
@ifixcoinops specifically re: "anchor", the "link" was originally the connection between two anchors, which is why you can link to a named anchor by putting the name in the fragment part (after the octothorpe/hashtag) of a URL