has anyone measured the relative power consumption of a system which executes a simple VM's code in a relatively straightforward way (and therefore ends up with lots of pipeline stalls, etc) and one which uses a JIT to compile the same code into machine code the second time it's executed, and then run that?

the best i can find from a quick google is a 2006 paper by Shiwen Hu and Lizy K John, which measures the energy impact of JIT optimisation and garbage collection. their most interesting result is that garbage collection reduces power consumption! so does JIT optimisation, which i assume is not entirely accidental; but interestingly they find that the optimisation stage itself also reduces power (presumably over executing unoptimised JITted code), rather than spending to recoup as one might assume