@vladh I'd use standard performance monitoring tools. Not only is there a (loose) correlation between how fast a computation completes & how much energy it uses, but also our primary concern should be "Are we the ones pushing people to buy a new computer?"
Embodied energy swamps everything else...
@alcinnz @vladh I think "embodied energy swamps everything else" is probably true, but how can we be sure?
I'm sure this is answered in the literature, so, follow-up: Is this necessarily true, or are our current manufacturing processes unnecessarily wasteful?