@ddlyh @b0rk @ben

The "logical" representation, stored in memory or disk, does not have to correspond exactly to the "physical" representation sent to the terminal/printer.

But in CP/M's case, it does simplify things: No translation; just dump text file contents to the console stream, "raw." The implementation of the "TYPE" command is "stream bytes until you hit '^Z' or end of file, and stop."