libX11-1.8.8 release broke the XMODIFIERS support—now you can't type non-Latin characters. Downgrading to 1.8.7 helps.
The issue is confirmed but is not fixed yet: https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/lib/libx11/-/issues/205
Thanks to the #ArchLinux community for pointing this out: https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=294301